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巡視船「そうや」を用いたオホーツク海における海氷観測のあゆみ
豊田, 威信
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/91849
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/lowtemsci.82.25
KEYWORDS : オホーツク海の海氷;季節海氷域;海氷の物理的性質;海氷の生物地球化学;Sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk;Seasonal ice zone;Physical properties of sea ice;Sea ice biogeochemistry
Abstract
オホーツク海の流氷は北海道の冬の風物詩として知られ，沿岸での観測の歴史は約130年におよぶ．しかしながら，海氷の成長・融解に関わる実態がわかりだしたのは巡視船「そうや」を用いて海上保安庁と低温研の共同観測が開始した1996年以降といって差し支えないであろう．爾来28年間，COVID-19感染症対策で中止した2021年を除き観測を継続しており表面熱収支や海氷サンプル，氷盤分布などの解析を通して少しずつ成長・融解の仕組みが解明されつつある．最近では生物地球化学的な海氷の役割にも着目しながら観測を実施している．本稿では，これまでの観測のあゆみを振り返り「そうや」観測がオホーツク海，さらには極域の海氷に関する知見に果たした役割を概観し，今後の展望についても考察したい．
Drifting ice in the Sea of Okhotsk is known widely as one of the winter scenic features in Hokkaido, and the observational history near the coast spans over 130 years. However, it can be said that it is since the cooperative observations with PV “Soya” between Japan Coast Guard and Hokkaido University started in 1996 that the real situation about sea ice growth and melting has been revealed. Since then, the observations have been continued for 28 years except for 2021 when it was canceled due to the COVID-19. Through the analysis of surface heat budget, inner structure of sea ice, floe size distribution and whatever, the various characteristics of sea ice have been elucidated step by step. Recently our focuses are extended to the roles of sea ice in biogeochemistry. In this article, looking back over the past observations, we briefly describe how they contributed to the knowledge of the sea ice in this region and also in the polar regions, and consider the future prospects.
Drifting ice in the Sea of Okhotsk is known widely as one of the winter scenic features in Hokkaido, and the observational history near the coast spans over 130 years. However, it can be said that it is since the cooperative observations with PV “Soya” between Japan Coast Guard and Hokkaido University started in 1996 that the real situation about sea ice growth and melting has been revealed. Since then, the observations have been continued for 28 years except for 2021 when it was canceled due to the COVID-19. Through the analysis of surface heat budget, inner structure of sea ice, floe size distribution and whatever, the various characteristics of sea ice have been elucidated step by step. Recently our focuses are extended to the roles of sea ice in biogeochemistry. In this article, looking back over the past observations, we briefly describe how they contributed to the knowledge of the sea ice in this region and also in the polar regions, and consider the future prospects.
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