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アイヌ民族の葬制・祖霊祭祀と遺骨の「再埋葬・慰霊」 : 民族誌・文学による検討
北原, モコットゥナシ
Permalink : http://hdl.handle.net/2115/91281
JaLCDOI : 10.14943/Jais.4.127
KEYWORDS : 精神文化;葬制・墓制;祖霊祭祀;遺骨返還;Spiritual Culture;Funeral and Grave System;Ancestral Rituals;Return of Remains
Abstract
アイヌ政策においては「精神文化の尊重」が謳われることは多くとも、精神文化の具体的なあり様が論じられることは多くない。むろん、アイヌの精神文化といっても地域や時代によって多様であり、単純化して語ることはできない。そこで、ここでは遺骨の管理・返還においては、埋葬者・被埋葬者の死生観、墓制、葬制が尊重されるべきものと仮定し、これについて考察することでその具体像を示す。このため、在来的なアイヌの信仰の内、他界観と葬制・墓制について資料を集成し、各地域におけるあり様を概観する。特に、墓が掘り起こされるという異常な事態に対処した事例として文学と聞書きによって得られた事例を提示する。この作業によって、いわゆる「伝統的祭祀」について知ろうとする人々に情報を提供し、自分達なりの祭祀の在り方を検討する機会を生むことことに寄与することができる。また、本稿の知見が十分に活用されることで、シサム的な価値観によって規定された遺骨返還の流れを、アイヌの精神文化に沿ったものに近づけることも可能になるであろう。
Although 'respect for spiritual culture' is often stated in Ainu policy, the specific nature of spiritual culture is not often discussed. Of course, Ainu spiritual culture varies from region to region and from period to period, and it cannot be simplified. Therefore, it is assumed here that the view of life and death, the grave system and the funerary system of the buried and buried person should be respected in the management and return of human remains, and this discussion will provide a concrete picture of this. For this purpose, the project will compile data on the traditional Ainu beliefs regarding the view of the other world and the funerary and grave systems, and give an overview of the state of affairs in the various regions. In particular, we will present examples from literature and written accounts as examples of how the graves were exhumed in unusual circumstances. This work will contribute to providing information to those who want to know more about so-called 'traditional rituals' and create opportunities for them to consider their own ways of performing rituals. The findings of this paper, if fully utilised, will also make it possible to bring the return of human remains, which is dictated by Sisaム values, closer in line with the spiritual culture of the Ainu people.
Although 'respect for spiritual culture' is often stated in Ainu policy, the specific nature of spiritual culture is not often discussed. Of course, Ainu spiritual culture varies from region to region and from period to period, and it cannot be simplified. Therefore, it is assumed here that the view of life and death, the grave system and the funerary system of the buried and buried person should be respected in the management and return of human remains, and this discussion will provide a concrete picture of this. For this purpose, the project will compile data on the traditional Ainu beliefs regarding the view of the other world and the funerary and grave systems, and give an overview of the state of affairs in the various regions. In particular, we will present examples from literature and written accounts as examples of how the graves were exhumed in unusual circumstances. This work will contribute to providing information to those who want to know more about so-called 'traditional rituals' and create opportunities for them to consider their own ways of performing rituals. The findings of this paper, if fully utilised, will also make it possible to bring the return of human remains, which is dictated by Sisaム values, closer in line with the spiritual culture of the Ainu people.
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