|
|
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers >
Institute of Low Temperature Science >
Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc >
Molecular characterization of urban organic aerosol in tropical India : contributions of primary emissions and secondary photooxidation
This item is licensed under:Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
| Title: | Molecular characterization of urban organic aerosol in tropical India : contributions of primary emissions and secondary photooxidation |
| Authors: | Fu, P. Q. Browse this author | | Kawamura, K. Browse this author | | Pavuluri, C. M. Browse this author | | Swaminathan, T. Browse this author | | Chen, J. Browse this author |
| Issue Date: | 19-Mar-2010 |
| Publisher: | Copernicus Publications |
| Journal Title: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Volume: | 10 |
| Issue: | 6 |
| Start Page: | 2663 |
| End Page: | 2689 |
| Publisher DOI: | 10.5194/acp-10-2663-2010 |
| Abstract: | Organic molecular composition of PM10 samples, collected at Chennai in tropical India, was studied using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fourteen organic compound classes were detected in the aerosols, including aliphatic lipids, sugar compounds, lignin products, terpenoid biomarkers, sterols, aromatic acids, hydroxy-/polyacids, phthalate esters, hopanes, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and photooxidation products from biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). At daytime, phthalate esters were found to be the most abundant compound class; however, at nighttime, fatty acids were the dominant one. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, C16 fatty acid, and levoglucosan were identified as the most abundant single compounds. The nighttime maxima of most organics in the aerosols indicate a land/sea breeze effect in tropical India, although some other factors such as local emissions and long-range transport may also influence the composition of organic aerosols. However, biogenic VOC oxidation products (e.g., 2-methyltetrols, pinic acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid and β-caryophyllinic acid) showed diurnal patterns with daytime maxima. Interestingly, terephthalic acid was maximized at nighttime, which is different from those of phthalic and isophthalic acids. A positive relation was found between 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (a tracer for plastic burning) and terephthalic acid, suggesting that the field burning of municipal solid wastes including plastics is a significant source of terephthalic acid. Organic compounds were further categorized into several groups to clarify their sources. Fossil fuel combustion (24-43%) was recognized as the most significant source for the total identified compounds, followed by plastic emission (16-33%), secondary oxidation (8.6-23%), and microbial/marine sources (7.2-17%). In contrast, the contributions of terrestrial plant waxes (5.9-11%) and biomass burning (4.2-6.4%) were relatively small. This study demonstrates that, in addition to fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, the open-burning of plastics in urban area also contributes to the organic aerosols in South Asia. |
| Rights: | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
| Type: | article |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/44512 |
| Appears in Collections: | 低温科学研究所 (Institute of Low Temperature Science) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)
|
Submitter: 河村 公隆
|
