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Differentiation in architecture and demographic properties across forest types and species in tropical lowland Kalimantan
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| Title: | Differentiation in architecture and demographic properties across forest types and species in tropical lowland Kalimantan |
| Other Titles: | 熱帯低地カリマンタンにおける森林型間および樹種間の樹冠構造と個体群動態特性の分化 |
| Authors: | Atikah, Tika Dewi Browse this author |
| Issue Date: | 25-Mar-2014 |
| Publisher: | Hokkaido University |
| Abstract: | Lowland forests in Kalimantan are the most extreme on earth in terms oftheir vast biomass and tree species diversity. In this region, three forest types arerecognized in relation to soil conditions: i.e., heath forest, peat swamp forest, andmixed dipterocarp forest. These forests are unique in terms of physiognomy, canopyarchitecture, and tree species composition. Heath and peat swamp forests occur onflat topography on nutrient-poor, acidic soils, whereas mixed dipterocarp forestoccurs on hilly topography on relatively nutrient-rich alluvial loam soil. Theseforests are experiencing progressive conversion to palm oil and rubber plantations,and it is essential to evaluate these endangered ecosystems in order to achievesustainable management. This thesis examines the architectural and functional traitsof tree saplings that contribute to regeneration, and the demographic properties oftree populations and their consequences for tree size structure across the three foresttypes in lowland Kalimantan.Saplings (150-310 cm tall) of species that represent each forest type wereselected under the canopy of developed forest stands. Among these, there was onespecies found in all forest types and two species in both heath and peat swampforests. Significant differences in crown allometries were found among forest typesand species. Saplings in mixed dipterocarp forest had thicker stems and widercrowns at the same sapling height compared with other forests. They had higher specific leaf area, higher mass-based leaf nitrogen content and lower wood density.Heath forest saplings showed the lowest leaf nitrogen content and the highest wooddensity. Species with cross-forest type distribution showed plastic changes in saplingtraits, which were similar to inter-specific differences among forest types. The resultssuggested that saplings showed morphological responses to nutritional and waterconditions in the different forest types.To characterize the dynamics of peat swamp forest, five forest plots of50 m × 50 m of selective-logged peat swamp forest in Sebangau basin in CentralKalimantan were monitored over a 12-year period. Based on the estimated growth,mortality, and recruitment rates, observed tree size distribution was compared withdemographically projected stable size distributions at the levels of plots and species.The deviation between observed and projected size distribution suggested that theforest is still undergoing recovery. Large-statured species tended to have low growthrate, mortality, and recruitment rate, whereas short species showed the oppositedemographic properties.Demographic projection of stable tree size distribution was carried out forthe three forest types, based on the censuses of five 1-ha plots in West and CentralKalimantan. Tree-size dependent growth rate and mortality varied across forest types.Heath forest with a dense understory of small trees showed high growth rate and lowmortality for small-sized trees, and also high recruitment rate. By contrast, highgrowth rate and low mortality for large-sized canopy trees, and low recruitment ratecharacterized mixed dipterocarp forest with a tall and dense canopy layer. Peat swamp forest showed intermediate demographic properties that fell between theother two. High vigor and productivity of understory trees in heath forest on poorsoil were likely due to high light availability underneath the relatively thin canopylayer.This thesis quantifies the differences in architectural and demographicproperties across forest types in lowland Kalimantan, which will help in theprediction of forest dynamics for better conservation and management. |
| Conffering University: | 北海道大学 |
| Degree Report Number: | 甲第11350号 |
| Degree Level: | 博士 |
| Degree Discipline: | 環境科学 |
| Examination Committee Members: | (主査) 教授 甲山 隆司, 教授 原 登志彦, 教授 露崎 史朗, 助教 久保 拓弥, 教授 大崎 満 （大学院農学研究院） |
| Degree Affiliation: | 環境科学院（生物圏科学専攻） |
| Type: | theses (doctoral) |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/55482 |
| Appears in Collections: | 学位論文 (Theses) > 博士 （環境科学）
課程博士 (Doctorate by way of Advanced Course) > 環境科学院(Graduate School of Environmental Science)
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