| Title: | Radiosondes Show That After Decades of Cooling, the Lower Stratosphere Is Now Warming |
| Authors: | Philipona, Rolf Browse this author |
| Mears, Carl Browse this author |
| Fujiwara, Masatomo Browse this author →KAKEN DB |
| Jeannet, Pierre Browse this author |
| Thorne, Peter Browse this author |
| Bodeker, Greg Browse this author |
| Haimberger, Leopold Browse this author |
| Hervo, Maxime Browse this author |
| Popp, Christoph Browse this author |
| Romanens, Gonzague Browse this author |
| Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Browse this author |
| Stübi, Rene Browse this author |
| Van Malderen, Roeland Browse this author |
| Issue Date: | 2018 |
| Journal Title: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
| Volume: | 123 |
| Issue: | 22 |
| Start Page: | 12,509 |
| End Page: | 12,522 |
| Publisher DOI: | 10.1029/2018JD028901 |
| Abstract: | Since the mid-twentieth century, radiosonde and satellite measurements show that the troposphere has warmed and the stratosphere has cooled. These changes are primarily due to increasing concentrations of well-mixed greenhouse gases and the depletion of stratospheric ozone. In response to continued greenhouse gas increases and stratospheric ozone depletion, climate models project continued tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling over the coming decades. Global average satellite observations of lower stratospheric temperatures exhibit no significant trends since the turn of the century. In contrast, an analysis of vertically resolved radiosonde measurements from 60 stations shows an increase of lower stratospheric temperature since the turn of the century at altitudes between 15 and 30 km and over most continents. Trend estimates are somewhat sensitive to homogeneity assessment choices, but all investigated radiosonde data sets suggest a change from late twentieth century cooling to early 21st century warming in the lower stratosphere, which is consistent with a reversal from ozone depletion to recovery from the effects of ozone-depleting substances. In comparison, satellite observations at the radiosonde locations show only minor early 21st century warming, possibly due to the compensating effects of continued cooling above the radiosonde altitude range. |
| Rights: | Copyright 2018 American Geophysical Union. |
| Type: | article |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/74919 |
| Appears in Collections: | 環境科学院・地球環境科学研究院 (Graduate School of Environmental Science / Faculty of Environmental Earth Science) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)
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