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When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators : mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction
| Title: | When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators : mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction |
| Authors: | Kudo, Gaku Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | Cooper, Elisabeth J. Browse this author |
| Keywords: | Bombus | | global warming | | phenological mismatch | | pollinator | | snowmelt | | spring ephemeral |
| Issue Date: | 4-Jun-2019 |
| Publisher: | Royal Society |
| Journal Title: | Proceedings of the royal society b-biological sciences |
| Volume: | 286 |
| Issue: | 1904 |
| Start Page: | 20190573 |
| Publisher DOI: | 10.1098/rspb.2019.0573 |
| Abstract: | The flowering phenology of early-blooming plants is largely determined by snowmelt timing in high-latitude and high-altitude ecosystems. When the synchrony of flowering and pollinator emergence is disturbed by climate change, seed production may be restricted due to insufficient pollination success. We revealed the mechanism of phenological mismatch between a spring ephemeral (Corydalis ambigua) and its pollinator (overwintered bumblebees), and its impact on plant reproduction, based on 19 years of monitoring and a snow removal experiment in a cool-temperate forest in northern Japan. Early snowmelt increased the risk of phenological mismatch under natural conditions. Seed production was limited by pollination success over the 3 years of the pollination experiment and decreased when flowering occurred prior to bee emergence. Similar trends were detected on modification of flowering phenology through snow removal. Following snowmelt, the length of the pre-flowering period strongly depended on the ambient surface temperature, ranging from 4 days (at greater than 7 degrees C) to 26 days (at 2.5 degrees C). Flowering onset was explained with an accumulated surface degree-day model. Bumblebees emerged when soil temperature reached 6 degrees C, which was predictable by an accumulated soil degree-day model, although foraging activity after emergence might depend on air temperature. These results indicate that phenological mismatch tends to occur when snow melts early but subsequent soil warming progresses slowly. Thus, modification of the snowmelt regime could be a major driver disturbing spring phenology in northern ecosystems. |
| Type: | article (author version) |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/75198 |
| Appears in Collections: | 環境科学院・地球環境科学研究院 (Graduate School of Environmental Science / Faculty of Environmental Earth Science) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)
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Submitter: 工藤 岳
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