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Assessment of Observational Evidence for Direct Convective Hydration of the Lower Stratosphere

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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:http://hdl.handle.net/2115/84693

Title: Assessment of Observational Evidence for Direct Convective Hydration of the Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Jensen, E. J. Browse this author
Pan, Laura L. Browse this author
Honomichl, Shawn Browse this author
Diskin, Glenn S. Browse this author
Krämer, Martina Browse this author
Spelten, Nicole Browse this author
Günther, Gebhard Browse this author
Hurst, Dale F. Browse this author
Fujiwara, Masatomo Browse this author →KAKEN DB
Vömel, Holger Browse this author
Selkirk, Henry B. Browse this author
Suzuki, Junko Browse this author
Schwartz, Michael J. Browse this author
Smith, Jessica B. Browse this author
Keywords: stratosphere
water vapor
convection
Issue Date: 23-Jun-2020
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Volume: 125
Issue: 15
Start Page: e2020JD032793
Publisher DOI: 10.1029/2020JD032793
Abstract: In situ and remote sensing observations of water vapor are analyzed to assess the evidence for direct convective hydration of the lower stratosphere. We have examined several hundred balloon-borne and airborne in situ measurements of lower stratospheric humidity in the tropics and northern midlatitudes. We find that the tropical lower stratospheric H2O enhancements above the background occur quite infrequently, and the height of the enhancements is within about 1 km of the cold-point tropopause. Following Schwartz et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50421), we examine the anomalously high (above 8 ppmv) water vapor mixing ratios retrieved by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) at 100- and 82-hPa pressure levels, and we determine their vertical location relative to the local tropopause based on both Global Forecast System (GFS) operational analysis and the ERA5 reanalysis temperature data. We find that essentially all of the >8-ppmv MLS water vapor measurements over the extratropical North American monsoon region are above the relatively low lapse-rate tropopause in the region, and most are above the local cold-point tropopause. Over the Asian monsoon region, most (80/90%) of the high H2O values occur below the relatively high-altitude local lapse-rate/cold-point tropopause. Anomalously high MLS water vapor retrievals at 100 and 82 hPa almost never occur in the deep tropics. We show that this result is consistent with the in situ observations given the broad vertical averaging kernel of the MLS measurement. The available evidence suggests that direct hydration of the lower stratosphere is important over North America during the monsoon season but likely has limited impact in the tropics.
Rights: Copyright 2020 American Geophysical Union.
Type: article
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/84693
Appears in Collections:環境科学院・地球環境科学研究院 (Graduate School of Environmental Science / Faculty of Environmental Earth Science) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)

Submitter: 藤原 正智

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