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Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers >
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Explicit and implicit attitudes toward smoking : Dissociation of attitudes and different characteristics for an implicit attitude in smokers and nonsmokers
| Title: | Explicit and implicit attitudes toward smoking : Dissociation of attitudes and different characteristics for an implicit attitude in smokers and nonsmokers |
| Authors: | Gao, Xinyue Browse this author | | Sawamura, Daisuke Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | Saito, Ryuji Browse this author | | Murakami, Yui Browse this author | | Yano, Rika Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | Sakuraba, Satoshi Browse this author | | Yoshida, Susumu Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | Sakai, Shinya Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | Yoshida, Kazuki Browse this author →KAKEN DB |
| Issue Date: | 10-Oct-2022 |
| Publisher: | PLOS |
| Journal Title: | PLoS ONE |
| Volume: | 17 |
| Issue: | 10 |
| Start Page: | e0275914 |
| Publisher DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0275914 |
| Abstract: | Smoking is a global health risk for premature death and disease. Recently, addictive behaviors, like smoking, were considered to be guided by explicit and implicit processes. The existence of a dissociation between the two attitudes in nonsmokers and the causes of the differences in implicit attitudes toward smoking have not been fully investigated. We investigated the explicit and implicit attitudes toward smoking via a self-reported scale and the single category implicit association test (SC-IAT), respectively, among undergraduate and graduate health sciences students. In addition, we applied the drift-diffusion model (DDM) on the SC-IAT and examined the behavioral characteristics that caused differences in implicit attitude toward smoking between smokers and nonsmokers. The results showed the existence of a dissociation between explicit and implicit attitudes toward smoking among nonsmokers. In addition, nonsmokers had a higher decision threshold than smokers and a higher drift rate in the condition where negative words were associated with smoking. Nonsmokers engaged in SC-IAT with more cautious attitudes and responded more easily in a negative condition since it was consistent with their true attitudes. Conversely, smokers did not show a significant difference in the drift rate between the conditions. These results suggested that the differences in an implicit attitude between smokers and nonsmokers were caused by differences in evidence accumulation speed between the positive and negative conditions. The existence of dissociation between implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking may indicate the difficulty of measuring true attitude in nonsmokers in a questionnaire survey. Additionally, the DDM results explained the difference of implicit attitude between smokers and nonsmokers; it may provide information on the mechanisms of addictive behaviors and a basis for therapy. However, whether these results are affected by cultural differences requires further investigation. |
| Type: | article |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/88589 |
| Appears in Collections: | 保健科学院・保健科学研究院 (Graduate School of Health Sciences / Faculty of Health Sciences) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)
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