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In situ activity and spatial organization of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in biofilms.

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Title: In situ activity and spatial organization of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in biofilms.
Authors: Kindaichi, Tomonori Browse this author
Tsushima, Ikuo Browse this author
Ogasawara, Yuji Browse this author
Shimokawa, Masaki Browse this author
Ozaki, Noriatsu Browse this author
Satoh, Hisashi Browse this author →KAKEN DB
Okabe, Satoshi Browse this author →KAKEN DB
Issue Date: Aug-2007
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Journal Title: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Volume: 73
Issue: 15
Start Page: 4931
End Page: 4939
Publisher DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00156-07
PMID: 17526785
Abstract: We investigated autotrophic anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) biofilms for their spatial organization, community composition, and in situ activities by using molecular biological techniques combined with microelectrodes. Results of phylogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that "Brocadia"-like anammox bacteria that hybridized with the Amx820 probe dominated, with 60 to 92% of total bacteria in the upper part (<1,000 µm) of the biofilm, where high anammox activity was mainly detected with microelectrodes. The relative abundance of anammox bacteria decreased along the flow direction of the reactor. FISH results also indicated that Nitrosomonas-, Nitrosospira-, and Nitrosococcus-like aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) coexisted with anammox bacteria and accounted for 13 to 21% of total bacteria in the biofilms. Microelectrode measurements at three points along the anammox reactor revealed that the NH4+ and NO2– consumption rates decreased from 0.68 and 0.64 µmol cm–2 h–1 at P2 (the second port, 170 mm from the inlet port) to 0.30 and 0.35 µmol cm–2 h–1 at P3 (the third port, 205 mm from the inlet port), respectively. No anammox activity was detected at P4 (the fourth port, 240 mm from the inlet port), even though sufficient amounts of NH4+ and NO2– and a high abundance of anammox bacteria were still present. This result could be explained by the inhibitory effect of organic compounds derived from biomass decay and/or produced by anammox and coexisting bacteria in the upper parts of the biofilm and in the upstream part of the reactor. The anammox activities in the biofilm determined by microelectrodes reflected the overall reactor performance. The several groups of aerobic AOB lineages, Nitrospira-like NOB, and Betaproteobacteria coexisting in the anammox biofilm might consume a trace amount of O2 or organic compounds, which consequently established suitable microenvironments for anammox bacteria.
Rights: Copyright © American Society for Microbiology
Type: article
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/29693
Appears in Collections:工学院・工学研究院 (Graduate School of Engineering / Faculty of Engineering) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)

Submitter: 岡部 聡

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