|
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers >
Graduate School of Science / Faculty of Science >
Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc >
Ionospheric holes made by ballistic missiles from North Korea detected with a Japanese dense GPS array
| Title: | Ionospheric holes made by ballistic missiles from North Korea detected with a Japanese dense GPS array |
| Authors: | Ozeki, Masaru Browse this author | | Heki, Kosuke Browse this author →KAKEN DB |
| Issue Date: | 2010 |
| Journal Title: | Journal of Geophysical Research |
| Volume: | 115 |
| Issue: | A9 |
| Publisher DOI: | 10.1029/2010JA015531 |
| Abstract: | A dense array of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers is a useful tool to study ionospheric disturbances. Here we report observations by a Japanese GPS array of ionospheric holes, i.e. localized electron depletion. They were made by neutral molecules in exhaust plumes (e.g. water) of ballistic missiles from North Korea, Taepodong-1 and -2, launched on August 31, 1998, and April 5, 2009, respectively. Negative anomaly of electron density emerged ~6 minutes after the launches in the middle of the Japan Sea, and extended eastward along the missile tracks. By comparing the numerical simulation of electron depletion and the observed change in ionospheric total electron content, we suggest that the exhaust plumes from the Taepodong-2 second stage effused up to ~1.5 x 1026 water molecules per second. The ionospheric hole signature was used to constrain the Taepodong-2 trajectory together with other information, e.g. coordinates of the launch pad, time and coordinates of the first stage splashdown, and height and time of the second stage passage over Japan. The Taepodong-2 is considered to have reached the ionospheric F region in ~6 minutes, flown above northeastern Japan ~7 minutes after the launch, and crashed to the Pacific Ocean without attaining the first astronautical velocity. Ionospheric hole in the 1998 Taepodong-1 launch was much less in size, but it is difficult to compare directly the thrusts of the two missiles due to uncertainty of the Taepodong-1 trajectory. |
| Type: | article (author version) |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/43883 |
| Appears in Collections: | 理学院・理学研究院 (Graduate School of Science / Faculty of Science) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)
|
Submitter: 日置 幸介
|
