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Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers >
Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences / Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences >
Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc >
ブラジル・南パンタナールの伝統的な農場経営とその課題 : バイアボニータ農場の事例
| Title: | ブラジル・南パンタナールの伝統的な農場経営とその課題 : バイアボニータ農場の事例 |
| Other Titles: | Traditional management of Fazenda and its problems: a case of Fazenda Baia Bonita in the South Pantanal, Brazil |
| Authors: | 丸山, 浩明 Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | 仁平, 尊明 Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | コジマ, A. Y. Browse this author |
| Keywords: | 農場 | | ファゼンダ | | 粗放牧 | | 牧養力 | | ニェコランディア | | パンタナール | | ranch | | extensive cattle grazing | | grazing capacity | | Nhecolandia | | Pantanal |
| Issue Date: | 2009 |
| Publisher: | 地理空間学会 |
| Journal Title: | 地理空間 |
| Volume: | 2 |
| Issue: | 2 |
| Start Page: | 99 |
| End Page: | 132 |
| Abstract: | The people of Pantanal (pantaneiros) have conducted the extensive calf production that depends excessively on natural grassland in the Pantanal of Brazil. According to the case of Fazenda Baía Bonita in the Nhecolândia of south Pantanal, this study examines the problems of traditional cattle grazing and appropriate measures for the future management by focusing on the relationships between natural environment and social surroundings. The wise use of wetlands fostered for centuries still remains in the ranch, e.g., management of cattle herds corresponding with seasonal water level, methods for preventing grassland from plant succession to semi-deciduous forest by means of intentional burn, tree girdling and cleaning, and mutual aid customs between neighboring ranches. However, the management of extensive calf production confronts difficulties at present because of the scarcity of labor, small-scale grassland of the ranch, low conception rate of heifers and cows, and low productivity and quality of calves. In order to resolve current situation and to achieve stable management of calf production, it needs to create a calendar of breeding and shipping that especially specifies the season of breeding to promote the efficiency of administrative work. It is also necessary to introduce stud bull and cows of high quality, and to practice appropriate controls on their numbers and breeding under strict regulations of grazing areas. | | ブラジル南パンタナールのバイアボニータ農場では，天然草地の放牧地に依存した，肥育用の仔ウシ生産を目的とする仔取り繁殖経営が中心に営まれている。ここでは，季節的な河川の水位変化に起因して発現する多様な天然草地の状況に合わせて牛群を管理したり，火入れや伐採・巻き枯らしにより草地の森林化を抑制したりするなど，農場間の相互扶助システムとともに，パンタナールで培われてきた牧畜経営のワイズユース（wise use）が現在も継承されている。しかし，農場規模が小さいうえに，労働力不足，ウシの受胎率の低さ，生産性や品質の低さといった諸課題に直面して，伝統的な牧畜経営の維持・発展は困難な状況にある。こうした現状を打開して経営の安定化を実現するためには，繁殖・出荷カレンダーを作成してウシの繁殖時期を特定化し管理作業の効率化を図ることや，質の高い種牡ウシや牝ウシを導入して，より厳格な牧区規制の下で両者の頭数管理や繁殖を効果的に実施することなどが必要である。 |
| Type: | article |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/56756 |
| Appears in Collections: | 文学院・文学研究院 (Graduate School of Humanities and Human Sciences / Faculty of Humanities and Human Sciences) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)
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Submitter: 仁平 尊明
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