|
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers >
Graduate School of Engineering / Faculty of Engineering >
Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc >
Free-Chlorine Disinfection as a Selection Pressure on Norovirus
This item is licensed under:Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
| Title: | Free-Chlorine Disinfection as a Selection Pressure on Norovirus |
| Authors: | Rachmadi, Andri Taruna Browse this author →ORCID | | Kitajima, Masaaki Browse this author | | Watanabe, Kozo Browse this author | | Yaegashi, Sakiko Browse this author | | Serrana, Joeselle Browse this author | | Nakamura, Arata Browse this author | | Nakagomi, Toyoko Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | Nakagomi, Osamu Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | Katayama, Kazuhiko Browse this author | | Okabe, Satoshi Browse this author →KAKEN DB | | Sano, Daisuke Browse this author →KAKEN DB |
| Keywords: | free chlorine | | genetic drift | | mutation | | norovirus | | selection | | susceptibility |
| Issue Date: | Jul-2018 |
| Publisher: | American Society for Microbiology |
| Journal Title: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| Volume: | 84 |
| Issue: | 13 |
| Start Page: | UNSP e00244-18 |
| Publisher DOI: | 10.1128/AEM.00244-18 |
| Abstract: | Human noroviruses are excreted in feces from infected individuals and included in wastewater. It is critical to remove/inactivate them in wastewater treatment processes, particularly in the disinfection step, before release to aquatic environments. However, the high mutation rates of human noroviruses raise concerns about the emergence of strains that are less susceptible to disinfectants and can survive even after wastewater treatment. This study aimed to demonstrate the strain-dependent susceptibility of norovirus to free chlorine. A population originated from the murine norovirus strain S7-PP3, a surrogate for human noroviruses in environmental testing, was exposed to free chlorine and then propagated in a host cell. This cycle of free chlorine exposure followed by propagation in cells was repeated 10 times, and populations with lower susceptibility to free chlorine were obtained from two independent trials of chlorine exposure cycles. Open reading frame 2 (ORF2) and ORF3 of the murine norovirus genome were analyzed by next-generation sequencing, and a unique nonsynonymous mutation (corresponding to a change from phenylalanine to serine) at nucleotide (nt) 7280 in ORF3, which encodes the minor capsid protein VP2, was found in chlorine-exposed populations from both trials. It was confirmed that all of the clones from the chlorine-treated population had lower susceptibility to free chlorine than those from the control population. These results indicate that exposure to free chlorine and dilution exert different driving forces to form murine norovirus (MNV) quasispecies, and that there is a selective force to form MNV quasispecies under free chlorine exposure. IMPORTANCE This study showed that free chlorine disinfection exerted a selection pressure for murine norovirus (MNV). The strain-dependent viral susceptibility to the disinfectant elucidated in this study highlights the importance of employing less susceptible strains as representative viruses in disinfection tests, because the disinfection rate values obtained from more susceptible strains would be less useful in predicting the virus inactivation efficiency of circulating strains under practical disinfection conditions. |
| Rights: | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Type: | article |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/71221 |
| Appears in Collections: | 工学院・工学研究院 (Graduate School of Engineering / Faculty of Engineering) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)
|
Submitter: Andri Taruna Rachmadi
|
