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A Comparison of Tobacco Policy in the UK and Japan : If the Scientific Evidence is Identical, Why is There a Major Difference in Policy?

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Title: A Comparison of Tobacco Policy in the UK and Japan : If the Scientific Evidence is Identical, Why is There a Major Difference in Policy?
Authors: Cairney, Paul Browse this author
Yamazaki, Mikine2 Browse this author →KAKEN DB
Authors(alt): 山崎, 幹根2
Keywords: comparative policy
UK
Japan
tobacco control
policy environments
multiple streams approach
evidence-based policy making
Issue Date: 16-Nov-2018
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Journal Title: Journal of comparative policy analysis
Volume: 20
Issue: 3
Start Page: 253
End Page: 268
Publisher DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2017.1323439
Abstract: Tobacco policy in the UK and Japan has diverged markedly. In the 1980s, both countries oversaw regimes with minimal economic and regulatory policies. Now the UK has become one of the most, and Japan one of the least, controlled (advanced industrial) states. These developments are puzzling to public health scholars who give primary explanatory weight to scientific evidence and a vague notion of political will, because policy makers possessed the same evidence on the harms of tobacco, and made the same international commitment to comprehensive tobacco control. Instead, we identify the role of a mutually reinforcing dynamic in policy environments, facilitating policy change in the UK but not Japan: policy makers accepted the scientific evidence, framed tobacco as a public health epidemic, placed health departments at the heart of policy, formed networks with public health groups and excluded tobacco companies, and accentuated socio-economic conditions supportive of tobacco control. This dynamic helps explain why the UK became more likely to select each tobacco policy control instrument during a series of windows of opportunity. Such analysis, generated by policy theory, is crucial to contemporary science/practitioner debates on the politics of evidence-based policy making: the evidence does not speak for itself, and practitioners need to know how to use it effectively in policy environments.
Rights: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of comparative policy analysis on 2017-5-16, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13876988.2017.1323439
Type: article (author version)
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/71983
Appears in Collections:法学研究科 (Graduate School of Law) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)

Submitter: 山崎 幹根

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