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Label-Free Biomedical Imaging Using High-Speed Lock-In Pixel Sensor for Stimulated Raman Scattering
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| Title: | Label-Free Biomedical Imaging Using High-Speed Lock-In Pixel Sensor for Stimulated Raman Scattering |
| Authors: | Mars, Kamel Browse this author | | Lioe, De Xing Browse this author | | Kawahito, Shoji Browse this author | | Yasutomi, Keita Browse this author | | Kagawa, Keiichiro Browse this author | | Yamada, Takahiro Browse this author | | Hashimoto, Mamoru Browse this author |
| Keywords: | CMOS image sensor | | stimulated Raman scattering | | lock-in pixel | | Raman shift | | low-noise | | high-speed modulation |
| Issue Date: | 2017 |
| Publisher: | MDPI |
| Journal Title: | Sensors |
| Volume: | 17 |
| Issue: | 11 |
| Start Page: | 2581 |
| Publisher DOI: | 10.3390/s17112581 |
| Abstract: | Raman imaging eliminates the need for staining procedures, providing label-free imaging to study biological samples. Recent developments in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have achieved fast acquisition speed and hyperspectral imaging. However, there has been a problem of lack of detectors suitable for MHz modulation rate parallel detection, detecting multiple small SRS signals while eliminating extremely strong offset due to direct laser light. In this paper, we present a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor using high-speed lock-in pixels for stimulated Raman scattering that is capable of obtaining the difference of Stokes-on and Stokes-off signal at modulation frequency of 20 MHz in the pixel before reading out. The generated small SRS signal is extracted and amplified in a pixel using a high-speed and large area lateral electric field charge modulator (LEFM) employing two-step ion implantation and an in-pixel pair of low-pass filter, a sample and hold circuit and a switched capacitor integrator using a fully differential amplifier.A prototype chip is fabricated using 0.11 m CMOS image sensor technology process. SRS spectra and images of stearic acid and 3T3-L1 samples are successfully obtained. The outcomes suggest that hyperspectral and multi-focus SRS imaging at video rate is viable after slight modifications to the pixel architecture and the acquisition system. |
| Rights: | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Type: | article |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2115/73470 |
| Appears in Collections: | 情報科学院・情報科学研究院 (Graduate School of Information Science and Technology / Faculty of Information Science and Technology) > 雑誌発表論文等 (Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, etc)
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Submitter: 橋本 守
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